Entrepreneurship and Innovation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterprise and Innovation - Assignment Example This paper talks about that pioneering methodologies are limited by particular condition, imposingenvironment forcing certain essential confinements on their methodology structures. The systems of innovative showcasing are equivalent to those in the ordinary advertising. The innovative associations are asset compelled associations since they don't move toward the broad communications to dispatch their items or crusades. They have constrained monetary, human and specialized assets. In any case, they do have imagination and time which they use as assets to achieve their administration and showcasing objectives. The importance and noteworthiness of the obstructions to development of pioneering business are featured by the way that enterprising business is for the most part encircled by absence of fiscal and, money related and specialized and labor assets in the underlying and beginning periods of its turn of events. In spite of these realities business visionaries are encircled by hindr ances that limit their development and money related steadiness. From the previous conversation and examination, the scientist can infer that innovative firms are encircled by certain development obstructions impossible to miss to their phase of business advancement. These hindrances are for the most part identified with labor, material, specialized and in the end money related in nature. These hindrances block and hinder the development and extension of innovative business and if a business person gets under way a procedure of 4 Is as portrayed, he can defeat the pragmatic side of these boundaries by and large.

Blockchain for Bitcoin Technology

Question: Talk about the Blockchain for Bitcoin Technology. Answer: Presentation: The square chains are the circulated databases keeping up consistent development of records requested in records called squares. It is the open record of each Bitcoin exchanges which have been executed. The finished squares are fused to it prompting steady increment in size of the square chains. These squares have been forced over the blockchain in sequential request and direct way. The examination would be led around Bitcoins. The bitcoins has been created as remunerations in rivalries where clients offer intensity of processing to validate and record move of information into square chains. The examination would not uncover some other cases upheld by the square chains like brilliant agreements and the authorizing. The investigation would depict the exploration. At that point the assessment of the commitment of square chains with bitcoins has been talked about. A model to invigorate has been created with its constraints and avocations. Ultimately end has been drawn on the key discoveries fitting to the exploration. From the start the point blockchain innovation in Bitcoin is characterized. At that point the territory of blockchain innovation in Bitcoin is unfurled. The zones that are not to be remembered for this examination are referenced. Finally the general discoveries from blockchain innovation in Bitcoin are uncovered. In the following area, the monster of the audit has been portrayed. In the wake of portraying the examination, assessment is done on the commitment of the exploration that has been done to the territory. Next the constraints of blockchain innovation in Bitcoin are appeared. Finally the area finishes by referencing the estimations of the impediments in the venture. At that point the best answer for the current circumstance is given. It significant highlights are talked about. Its quality and commitment to the given research field is investigated. A model is drawn invigorating it. Finally end is drawn upon the key discoveries from the audit of blockchain innovation in Bitcoin. Research depiction: Boyd Carr, (2016) looked into that Blockchain is the decentralized technique for information exchange in information the board. It was first intended for the Bitcoin digital money. The enthusiasm for this field began since the thought has been begat in the time of 2008. The explanation for this was its center characteristics giving information uprightness, obscurity and security. This has been done without an outsider association that could deal with its exchanges. Accordingly it made alluring regions of research. This has been particularly from the view purpose of restrictions and specialized difficulties. An efficient mapping of the examination with the point of social event each important research on the innovation of lock-chain is set. The primary point has been the comprehension of the current difficulties, future headings and subjects of the exploration. Different online diaries are contemplates. That show center around the Bitcoin frameworks. A large portion of the investigati ons has been managing uncover and improve of the Blockchains from the security and protection see focuses. A few of the proposed arrangements have been inadequate with regards to solid conversation on the adequacy. Numerous versatility of Block-chain including the inactivity and throughput has been kept unstudied. Assessment of the commitment of the research:The commitment of the exploration has been fascinating to watch where it has been going. Bitcoin has numerous considerations in digital currency. As indicated by Gbel et al. (2016) additional individuals has been purchasing and exchanging Bitcoins every day. Subsequently it has been essential as an exploration subject. The examination would pull in the scholarly community and enterprises to continue further looks into from both the specialized and business points of view. The Bitcoin has been the main answer for use the Blockchain innovation. There has been different digital forms of money right now who have been offering rivalry to Bitcoin. The future looks into from this examination may likewise include different digital forms of money. The survey would not just assistance in concentrating on Bitcoin and the different cryptographic forms of money yet in addition feature applications conceivable using the arrangement of blockchain. Using of decentralized situation like the portion of virtual properties could be a commitment of the examination. This would reform the methodology wherein the associations would sell the items. Gipp, KostiBreitinger (2016) states that as the arrangements of blockchain are utilized for additional clients, it would welcome the surveys like this done on the specialized difficulties and constraints. The expansion in sizes and bases of clients has activated to lead this kind of looks into identifying with the adaptability. Besides, the exploration will leave its effect on the protection and security concerns. This would bring forth developments of new regions to forestall the unsettling influence on blockchains. Impediments of the research:The precise mapping of the examination would empower the comprehension of the current holes in the exploration. Crosby et al., (2016) state thatone of the key confinements on the examination is identifying with the distribution inclination. It alludes that the issue that the positive results are to be distributed more than that of the negative ones. This is on the grounds that that the negative set aside much effort to get distributed. Also, they have been less refered to in the distributions. Other restriction has been the choice predisposition. It alludes to the twisting of the factual investigation. This has been inferable from the pre-owned rules for choosing the distributions. Ultimately the there has been impediment with respect to mistake the extraction of information and the misclassification. This demonstrates the chance of extraction of information diversely by different analysts. Significance of the examination holes in the project:As looked into by Zheng et al., (2016) this recognizable proof of deliberate mapping of the exploration would support the professionals and the specialists to focus on inquire about zones that need more investigates. The looking for of the holes of research would answer the unanswered inquiries in the current innovation of blockchain. The tending to of the distribution issue has brought the utilization of different logical databases. This is done inside the pursuit conventions to look for greatest number of papers. This has raised the amount of papers found for this investigation alongside raising the likelihood to look for the papers with negative results. Regardless, the Blockchain advancement has been considered as another subject in the product building industry. It has been additionally conveyed as white papers inside the organizations. Subsequently, all investigation drove on the specific points of view on Blockchain couldn't been fused in this mapping study. Regardless, by utilizing simply coherent databases as hotspots for finding noteworthy research, papers are assembled of higher caliber. The issue of choice inclination has been tended to by the creating o cautious pursuit conventions. Pilot searches should be possible on different catchphrases guaranteeing what has been closed from the examination. Thorough models for consideration and the prohibition could be characterized structure this. This would guarantee that each paper chose has been the segment of the exploration point (Bracamonte, Yamasaki Okada, 2016). The vast majority of the explores identifying with the square chain have been pertinent to the guideline, lawful and monetary variables of Bitcoin with the chance of its digital currency. The current chose arrangement, best case scenario: The arrangement is the information extraction and mapping process. Matzuttet al., (2016) guaranteed is intended to accumulate information required to address the inquiries of research in this survey. The information things gathered are the fundamental data with respect to the examination. It incorporates the targets and significant discoveries from the investigation. It assists with arranging and survey the information. The choice and search results are found from the procedure. There has been the Prisma-Flow model furnished with the procedure. Numerous diaries have been recovered at first as the pursuit convention planned has been enrolled to the logical databases chose. The underlying round on the consideration and the rejection has been lying based on the titles of the papers recovered. Different papers rejected have been talked about from the business see purpose of Bitcoin. They have not been remembered for the investigation. Recovery of various papers pertinent to other logical fields where the Blockchain has another definition than innovation in software engineering is finished. The most significant highlights have been the distinguishing proof of security, squandered assets, ease of use and protection. These have been acceptable because of the ID of trading property of Bitcoin. This has caused monetary mischief for the customers. This fit into the examination was said by Karame (2016). This is on the grounds that there is an extent of acquainting the review programming with increment the ease of use in the Bitcoin trades. The point of this product has been to conclude the dissolvability of trade members. This should be possible without the distribution of significant information. There has been association between the purchaser and the vender with restricted layer for namelessness. This forestalls the purchasers to discover and approve information in Bitcoin. Various models could be introduced through which the rating or notoriety could be forced conjoining the exchanges of Bitcon. This thinks about each expert and cons. These perspectives could be improved. This should be possible on the system of Bitcoin. Along these lines the ease of use is improved conveying additional information for clients who have been making exchanges. Limitations:Colombo (2016) contends that the innovation of square chain has certain difficulties that are distinguished through the audit. A few specialized constraints distinguished in adjusting the innovation of square chain in future are throughput, inactivity, data transfer capacity and size, security, squandered assets, convenience and forming with hard forks and different chains. They have been the confinements for specific reasons. The potential issues throughput in the system of Bitcoin directly gets boosted to exchanges per seco

Social Welfare System in Hong Kong

Question 1: Identify one sort of the social government assistance, examine its administrations of Hong Kong and a)explain its qualities, reasons and goals; b)ways of administration conveyance; c)discuss the qualities and shortcomings of the administration and d)make recommendations to improve the administrations in future. CSSAâ€AN INTRODUCTION The complete Social Security Assistance Scheme (CSSA) is doubtlessly one of the most compelling social government assistance in Hong Kong, as far as cash and beneficiary.In the financial year of 2010 alone, 19 billion was spent on CSSA, which expanded recognizably by 40% as contrasted and the consumption ten years back. As toward the finish of 2009, all out number of CSSA cases added up to 289 139, speaking to an expansion of 25. 3% more than 1999. CSSA represented 8. 6% of government repetitive consumption, contrasted and 7. 5% in 2000. During 1999 to 2009, the normal development in absolute number of cases per annum was 2. 3%. Actually, t he development pace of CSSA cases is relied upon to quicken in light of the fact that the development of older populace will top in 2016-2026.In different words, the issue isn't coming yet. In any case, it will inside 10 years. Taking into account the potential disturbing circumstance, there is a critical need to explore the viability of the plan. This exposition will give a short audit of the inscribed plan just as to talk about potential approaches to improve the administrations later on, making the best utilization of government assets. CSSAâ€ITS VALUES, RATIONALES AND OBJECTIVES The CSSA Scheme was presented in 1993, supplanting the previous Public Assistance Scheme, and advanced in the course of recent years into the present complex system.It is intended to give a wellbeing net to people or families who can't bolster themselves monetarily for different reasons, for example, mature age, inability, ailment, joblessness and low income. The CSSA Scheme gives monetary help to bri ng the salary of such people or families up to a recommended level to meet their fundamental needs. All CSSA beneficiaries are qualified with the expectation of complimentary clinical treatment at open emergency clinics or centers. It is controlled by the Social Welfare Department (SWD) and is non-contributory however implies tested.APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS To be qualified for help, the candidate must fulfill the living arrangement prerequisites, that is, to have dwelled in Hong Kong persistently for at any rate one year before the date of use and be a Hong Kong inhabitant for a long time. However, special case can be conceded for tact. They should likewise pass both the salary and resources tests. To breeze through the pay assessment implies the applicant’s all out assessable month to month family pay is inadequate to meet their all out month to month needs as perceived under the Scheme.To finish the advantage assessment implies the all out estimation of the capital resource s held by the candidate is underneath as far as possible. On the off chance that the candidate lives with other relatives, the application will be made on a family premise. On the fundamental means support, there is various enhancements, similar to inability, mature age, network living, single parent, transport supplement, which is too over the top to even consider mentioning here. An individual can make an application straightforwardly to a standardized savings field unit, or by referral to the Social Welfare Department by another administration division or a non-legislative organization.Upon receipt of an application, staff of the SWD will lead examination and confirmation of the applicant’s conditions. It is normally finished in a month and is extremely helpful. CSSAâ€ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES Generally speaking CSSA has been very powerful in giving a wellbeing nets towards the destitute, regardless of whether the measure of awards is adequate or not is dependent upo n contention, one needs to recognize the way that there is no significant starvation/freezing passing brought about by neediness as of late. The general everyday environments and nutrition’s of the poor improved, looked at numerous years ago.In the past, social government assistance is only a taking care of station, or cure quantifies after the issues exist, CSSA, with its ongoing change of including an ever increasing number of endowments like inabilities, old, transport supplement†¦etc, is a somewhat entangled money move structure, which unquestionably, successfully made a security net and contributed a piece of improving peoples’ expectation for everyday comforts. It appears that CSSA had the option to satisfy the extremely essential way of thinking of government disability strategy and social arrangement as a rule terms, which is lingering or therapeutic. CSSA is to some degree aloof plan as a salvage if the candidate himself, or his family neglected to help.I t is medicinal on the grounds that it capacities just in the event that you fall and won't keep you from falling. This is of no uncertainty that CSSA can understand prompt issues, however not the foundation of it. Actually there are changes that CSSA can make to assist better with adapting to this issue. In addition, there is room of progress of the effectiveness of the plan, as it has become increasingly more mind boggling that something should be possible to make it progressively productive as a wellbeing net. Also, as progress, it is imperative that we take a gander at the conceivable approach that can be acclimated to all the more likely adapt to the circumstance as things do change over time.One of the significant attributes of CSSA is that it is a methods tried plan. More or less, as long as the candidate meets the necessities, the candidates are qualified for get the advantages, as an issue of right. What they do is to evaluate the quantitative components of the candidates, f or example, what number of benefits they have, the amount they win every month, the seriousness of his ailment, and treat them as reasonable as could be expected under the circumstances, without taking a gander at their experience, their capacity, the explanation they apply for the scheme.As an administration worker, I appreciate the trouble to do so in light of the fact that their main responsibility is to do appraisal on the budgetary measures. Yet, CSSA isn't simply basic monetary help, in a perfect world talking. At the point when the jobless desire help, their concern isn't barely shy of cash for help, they can't or not ready to secure positions which they don't care for or don't coordinate their abilities or think the compensation is unreasonably low for him. Late news announcing a postgraduate moved on from The Chinese University of Hong Kong is a model. CSSA candidates have issues other than financing.I dare say a significantly extent of staff running the program are not out fitted with the aptitudes that can manage the key issue, accordingly botched the opportunity of fundamental examination of the competitor while taking a gander at the archives and information before the award. Be that as it may, CSSA is a long way from adequate to give something useful, to help the beneficiaries for taking valuable acts to take an interest in the public eye. At this moment we see that, the network is progressively reliant, which is destructive. The CSSA should surrender the inactive system of basically taking a gander at needs and distributing cash.This should be possible by requesting the beneficiaries to find a way to help themselves as an essential to get the installments. It has in certainty previously been received and have a positive outcome. With the presentation of the strengthened Support for Self-dependence Scheme gauges in June 2003, there was a quick deceleration in the pace of increment in joblessness cases during June to September 2003, the quantity of cases additionally began to decrease as from October 2003 to October 2008. Be that as it may, the joblessness case began to ascend since 2009, and nearly arrived at the degree of 1999, which is the time of money related crisis.As a recommendation, the said plan can include network administration fill in as a part of the models of getting means, for example, to clean toilets in legislative offices, of some base hours out of each month as an approach to urge them to add to the general public. Back to the postgraduate in CU for instance, obviously he will show signs of improvement than taking care of older as work! Regardless of whether he can't do so what he has done will be valuable to the general public. In addition, the plan is getting progressively confused as increasingly more enhancement and optional things have been added.It is not, at this point a framework that is officially straightforward or proficient. The absence of preparing of the said authorities and the intricacy the framework deflect the effectiveness of the authorities to handle the candidates explicit requirements, rather in a degree upgraded their unwavering quality on CSSA. Option of taking care of the issues, regardless of preparing laborers, is to clean up the present structure of the organization, for example, plunging the beneficiaries into classes, with their own qualification standards, referrals, states of help and sorts of help to offer.Bureau chipping away at this will be, in spite of increasingly efficient, will have a considerably more away from of how to support the candidate and thus, the candidate got a superior thought of their profit and improve made a difference. For example the money related necessities of the older ought to be considered with their medicinal services. They may, on the grounds that stressing lacking cash to pay their human services, spare the effectively little awards got from CSSA, giving up their living quality. There appears to be little participation with the Social Welfare division with pertinent foundation organizations.The same applies to different gatherings, as, for single guardians family, which they spare the CSSA for family benefits. I have just made the point through the over that CSSA, as a rule is powerful and have worked superbly in giving a wellbeing net to Hong Kong, by a single direction present of money. In any case, it can, truth be told, requiring the beneficiaries to contribute back to the general public by including a part of intentional administrations component into the plan. This, on one hand can screen out individuals who don't generally require CSSA, subsequently centering to the assets and thoughtfulness regarding those urgently in need.And then again to help those screened out constraining them returning to the standard. What's more, as referenced about, the effectiveness of the CSSA framework can be increasingly proficient by embracing a clear cut methodology, better coordinating the abilities of staf f working in that and the foundation of r

Ivy League Successful Entrepreneurs

Ivy League Successful Entrepreneurs October 28, 2012 These four Yale men are totally unrelated to our story. But three other Yale graduates just secured a fifteen million dollar investment in their company from Andreesen Horowitz. We always like to highlight Ivy League successful entrepreneurs   especially since a Princeton professor claimed last year that successful entrepreneurs dont graduate from Ivy League schools. We beg to differ. A little while back, we highlighted Dartmouth alumnus Mike Hartwick, who founded an exercise machine that essentially mimics surfing (inside). He went on ABCs Shark Tank and secured Mark Cuban as an investor. The guys five years out of college and he already has billionaire mogul Mark Cuban as a business partner. Pretty cool, eh? For $350,000, Cuban now owns 30% of his company. Today, wed like to highlight the company of three Yale University graduates Mahbod Moghadam, Ilan Zechory, and Tom Lehman. Moghadam is a lawyer, Zechory a Google project manager, and Lehman an engineer. Together, they founded Rap Genius. Rap Genius essentially provides explanations about rap lyrics. Yes, you read that right. The three co-founders have secured an investment from VC firm Andreesen Horowitz (yes Mark Andreesenthe creator of Netscape Navigator who even happens to have significant equity in major Hollywood talent agency William Morris Endeavor, among many other ventures). And how big is the investment? To the tune of fifteen million. Wrote Andreesen, First, there is the undeniable, irrepressable phenomenon that Rap Genius already is – the definitive online community of rap aficionados; one of the fastest growing web sites in Y Combinators history; a thriving ecosystem of ideas, artists, and fans. Second, there is the stellar team. Rap Genius has the rare balance you always hope for in a startup team – three founders, each with unique skills, who mesh perfectly. Mahbod is the most brilliant community creator weve seen since Caterina Fakes heyday at Flickr. CEO Tom shares Jeff Bezoss D.E. Shaw pedigree and codes up a storm. And former Deadwood writer Ilan serves as impresario and runs the show. We wish them much success. Although we do have one fact check that were wondering about. There is no record of Mr. Zechory ever having written for Deadwood on either IMDB or StudioSystem. In fact, he graduated from Yale in 2006. Deadwood went off the air in 2006. Maybe he was an intern in college? We hope this isnt why Mr. Andreesen made his fifteen million dollar investment (although were sure its not).

The United States And The Middle East - 831 Words

Over the past decade, the Middle East has proven to be a complex quandary that the United States is ultimately unequipped to handle. Before the U.S. can possibly pacify the region, it must first work to conquer obstacles domestically. The U.S. should also recognize the source of conflict in the Middle East and use this knowledge in the future as a foundation for a solution to amity. Thus, the approach that the United States should employ in regards to the Middle East is to gradually pull out and become a more self-sustaining nation. However, the U.S. should actively participate in global meetings with other countries as well. This proposal will prove to be the most advantageous solution for both the U.S. and the Middle East. The United States is often perceived as a beacon of peace and prosperity. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The U.S. is currently boiling in a $17 trillion dollars (and counting) debt crisis. To put it bluntly, the United States has neither the resources nor knowledge to placate the circumstances in the Middle East. The U.S.’s first and foremost priority must and should be itself. Thus, the best option for the U.S. is to reduce its military presence in the region. The country has one of the highest military budgets on Earth, spending more money than China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, France, the U.K., Germany, Japan, and India combined. As establish beforehand, it cannot afford to mindlessly disburse funds. By retreating from the Middle East, the U.S. canShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Middle East1245 Words   |  5 Pagesmuch of the United States’ history, affairs in the Middle East have been an important focus. A more recent example is President Barack Obama a ttempting to deal with the terrorist organization, ISIS, because they are threatening the security of American allies. In the past, multiple other presidents have intervened in Middle Eastern affairs because they believe that doing so would be in the best interest of the United States. The importance of Middle Eastern affairs to the United States during theRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1351 Words   |  6 Pagesto conceptualize this. The United States has broken into another civil war with all 50 states claiming independence. Your Neighbors, friends, family being killed. You don t have a home because it as blown up. And all your worried about is how to find you and your families next meal. You beg and try everything to leave this area even daring to ride a rubber boat to have the chance of safety and a normal life. But in this scenario The Middle East is the thriving united nation that stands for theRead MoreThe United States Of The Middle East1204 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus of citizens reduced to that of aliens. The approach of the US strategy in the Middle East was to support Israel and to ensure status quo through endorsement of various autocratic leaders (Kivimà ¤ki 18). Thus, democracy was excluded in the United States card. The miseries of various citizens in the region were heightened following the September 11th attack (Khan et al 114) The approach by the United States could not separate the region from waves of globalization. By being motivated by whatRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past decade, wars and interventions in the Middle East have broken up existing states, fostered sectarianism and destroyed infrastructures, creating the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. After years of revolutionary upheaval, the Arab world s old system is on the verge of collapse. The United States and other countries bear the blame for this emergence and growth of the indigenous movements like the Taliban, AL-Qaeda, and IS. Order in the Middle East has been undermined by corrupt and illegitimateRead MoreUnited States And The Middle East1311 Words   |  6 PagesA Review of United States’ Policy in the Middle East The crux of the institution of government from the untenable state of nature that subsisted in the days gone by was for the protection of life, liberty and property. The doctrine of individual unilateral discretion which provided a fertile ground for the domination of the strong over the weak in society diminished in significance. So sacrosanct was the need to protect the rights and freedoms of all people that all and sundry gave up theirRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East834 Words   |  4 PagesFor decades, the United States and fellow western nations have been heavily involved with and invested in the Middle East. Geographically, the Middle East region contains a large percentage of the industrialized world’s most prized resource, oil. Throughout this time, the United States has participated in Gulf War I, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Southern Watch, Operation Northern Watch, and numerous other contingencies and operati ons. Most recently, the regionRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East2128 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Middle East began to lose influence over the area. In 1946, France and Great Britain were forced to withdrawal from their colonized states by the United Nation Security Council when a delegation of the Middle Eastern countries called for the removal the colonial mandates on Middle East, specifically in Palestine (Department of Public Information). While Britain and France did not completely abandon their influence over the area, the removal of their direct influence over the Middle East leftRead MoreThe United States Relations with the Middle East2681 Words   |  11 PagesThe United States was heavily involved in Middle-Eastern affairs during the latter half of the twentieth century. Following the election of President Eisenhower in 1952, the U.S.’s growing fear of Iranian nationalism and the potential spread of communism throughout the Persian Gulf ultimately coaxed U.S. forces into helping the British’ MI6 oust the Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, from power. The CIA successfully overthrew Mossadegh and created a power vacuum in the Middle East, in 1953Read MoreThe Tensions Between The United States And The Middle East924 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing September 11, 2001, there seemed to be a sense of fear towards Arabs and Muslims in America. Since then, the tension between the United States and the Middle East has escalated. Based on the attention terrorist attacks receive, stereotypes tend to arise toward Muslims. Terrorists can be any ethnicity or religion, but typically jihadist terrorists’ gain the most attention in the media and the press. In America, Arabs, Muslims, and Jihadists tend to all get grouped together, even though theyRead MoreThe Conflict Between The United States And The Middle East Essay2176 Words   |  9 PagesThe conflict between the United States and the Middle East is of great concern in t he world today because of the heightened tensions in Syria, which is being terrorized by the radical Islamic group called ISIS. ISIS is not only creating conflict in the Middle East, they are also a homeland security threat to the United States because of the fear of terrorist attacks. Scholars and Theorists like Samuel Huntington have addressed the question of why states are experiencing heightened tension and have

Reflection Essay - 1017 Words

The â€Å"Nonstop† article showcased many student’s experiences that I can completely relate to, especially Becky Cooper’s situation described in the first sentence of the article. All throughout high school, even when I felt sick and didn’t want to go to school, I would tell myself, â€Å"I can’t miss school. I’ll have too much to catch up on the next day.† I couldn’t get myself to miss a school day in fear of falling behind and missing out on a productive day at school. The idea of always being productive and having something to do is something that always fills my mind, which is evident in the article. When the article describes Becky Cooper’s everyday life, the need to feel productive and busy is something that I could relate to. Throughout high†¦show more content†¦It’s not healthy to continuously be busy all the time and to never give yourself time to take a break. The ‘work hard, play hardâ₠¬â„¢ mentality can be dangerous to your mental and physical health. You need to work hard to get your assignments completed and when studying, but you also can’t work hard 100% of the time and never give yourself time to relax or take a break. Working too hard is how you will end up burning yourself out, which isn’t a healthy way of life throughout college. A culture of busyness can develop within a campus culture through the use of peer pressure. Everyone in college comes in with their own lifestyle and their own mentality on how to go through college, but generally, it consists of the same factors; get good grades, study hard, and join clubs, but once you get to college, you see the actual lifestyle. You see that people stay up until 4 in the morning working on homework, you see people joining 10+ clubs and you hear multiple people say to you, ‘for every credit hour you are in, you should be studying 1-2 or 2-3 hours for each credit.’ That’s a lot of pressure and work to accomplish, a lot more work than I experienced in high school and to top all of that off, you feel the need to join as many clubs as you can once you see how many clubs other people areShow MoreRelatedReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Essay The aim of this essay is to reflect on an incident, which took place in a hospital setting during the first month of my Foundation Degree Assistant Practitioner course. It will explore the importance of communication amongst the health care professionals and how a good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments neededRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time som e course assignments, I will embrace,Read MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:       Read MoreWriters Reflection Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Writing Reflection. English has always been one of my favorite subjects along with writing. At a young age I remember always writing childish stories, and comic books. In second grade I even won a writers competition. Writing has always been a part of my life. I keep a journal to write important events happening in my life and I like to write poems as well. However, during my high school years writing essays became more complex. For some reason I couldn’t seem to fullyRead More Mirror: Reflections of Truth Essay508 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Mirror†: Reflections of Truth In Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Mirror†, the reader takes a look into the messages presented and compares them with the reflections that are cast in a mirror and images in a lake. When reading this poem, we discover that the speaker is the actual reflection that gives the interpretation of its views. The first interpretation is shown as a mirror on the wall â€Å"I am silver and exact. 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Foundation Management for Hospitality & Tourism -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFoundation Management for Hospitality Tourism. Answer: Introduction Scientific management is defined as a process through which maximum efficiency is realized through normalizing tasks by segregating work into small pieces. The concept of scientific management approach aimed to improve labor productivity by following certain principles. It was developed by Frederick Taylor towards the end of 19th century. Human relations approach on the other hand, was developed later and focuses more on achieving goals through improved relationships, recognition and motivation of workers themselves. Modern management theory tries to revise and refine its predecessors in attempt to unify them. Although the basic principles in scientific management theories remain relevant even in modern management approach, there are some key aspects that completely differ. Contrary to scientific management approach, modern management approach stipulates that no one best way of doing this will apply for all situations. Discussion Scientific management This was developed during industrial revolution when large scale factories were created. The solution to management problems, made by Frederick Taylor by developing scientific theory of management, has greatly contributed to the current management practice. It has contributed in solving management problems like organizational inefficiencies, safety issues, supervision, conflict and industrial unrest. Scientific management was characterized by what Taylor referred to as principles of scientific management. From these principles, work is standardized based on measurements and formulae where workers are matched to tasks with respect to their skills (Shaw, 2017). Coordination of activities and separation of planning and execution are emphasized. The principles are based on science, which is the tool used in formulation of procedures to ensure cooperation as opposed to individualism, maximum output instead of restricted output and development of human resources to achieve highest efficien cy and prosperity. Contribution of this approach to work is evident in organization of labor such that work is not based on technical superiority but instead focuses on division of labor then integration of tasks to achieve a common goal. Management uses this science to integrate methods, policies, planning and people to achieve objectives. Taylorism has led to differentiation of skilled and unskilled labor, improved productivity and reduced craft based work. Today, it is used in manufacturing and in mass production. Division of labor still forms the basis of work organization. Human resource managers are still concerned in fostering cooperation. Limitations associated with this approach are that it resulted to repetitions that bring about boredom and promotes deskilling. Human Relations Movement Human relation school portrays organizations as system of interdependent human resources. Mary parker added a measurement of human aspect to the study of organizations. Chester Barnards theory views organizations as systems of coordinated human activities (Feldman Worline, 2016). This study emphasizes on understanding human behavior such as motivations rather than economic factors. This is because employees are found to be social as opposed to economic beings. Work should be viewed as group activity since groups exert strong impacts over individuals. Social factors help productivity to increase, therefore employees performance can be improved by cultivating good relations and trust between managers and workers. Informal work groups are found to influence performance as was observed in Hawthorne effect. Cooperation is an important aspect of productivity and this is connected to the importance of interpersonal skills among managers, who should as well have skills in controlling and pl anning (Loonam, 2014). Such human factors lead motivation based productivity, job satisfaction and cooperation between workers and their supervisors. Attention paid to the role of leadership and supervisory development, motivation and harmony at place of work are key things that can be used to gauge productivity in this perspective. On the other hand, conflict between needs of human workers and those of management of organizations demotivates employees. Modern Management Theory and Practice Modern period with regard to management theory is recent period starting from 1960 to present. This has drifted from extreme human relations thinking about morale and productivity (Robledo, 2016). Modern management wants equal emphasis on machine and human workforce. Principles of management, which are key features of scientific management, reached a point which marked the beginning of modern approaches to management where they needed to be revised and refined in attempt to reach perfection. A new approach that needed to unify different approaches and inclusive of emerging needs was develop and became what is known as modern management theory. This approach of management is sensitive to aspects such as social responsibilities of various societies such as employees, trade unions, customers and shareholders. Three streams of thinking have arisen from it: quantitative (mathematical) approach, systems approach and contingency approach. Quantitative Approach This approach emphasizes on use of mathematical models as universally recognized analysis tool as they provide a good channel for precise explanation of relationships and concepts. It considers variables and inputs in a quantitative basis which can be modelled to help management in decision making. Different tools and quantitative techniques such as simulation, linear programming are increasingly being used to cover a wide scope while studying current problems. It is based on assumption that all aspects of management can be treated in quantitative terms. However, it is recognized that sound judgement in managerial decisions is critical and that mathematical models cannot be substituted (Suddaby, 2015). Contributions of this approach are very significant in the field of management. This has boosted development of orderly thinking of managers by bringing about exactness to managerial processes. This approach has its limitations. It is narrow since it is merely based on solving certain managerial problems that are specific to certain situations. In real life situations, executives are required to make decisions quickly with no time to wait all the information necessary to develop models. The assumption made in this approach that all variables in decision making are measurable is not realistic. Furthermore, information available with regard to decision making based on mathematical models are not always up to date. Systems Approach This approach tried to unify its predecessor schools of thoughts. Organizations are viewed as open systems composed of interdependent subsystems whose interaction contribute to orderly totality of an organization. It is based on the idea that things and processes in an organization are inter-related and interdependent. Various components of the system should to be studied with regard to their interdependent relationship instead of isolation of each (Devers, et al, 2014). The system is composed of a boundary that defines external and internal environment. The system receives information from outside that undergo changes within the internal environment of subsystems and gives output to the external environment. It is therefore dynamic and responsive to changes in the environment. System approach is important in managerial perspective because it aims to solve objectives of an organization in an open system manner. It is easier to locate non performing subsystems and fix them without alt ering the performance of other subsystems (Harrison, et al, 2015). This approach has contributed in analyzing the functions of complex organizations such as project management organizations. Subsystems interactions help to bring interrelations aspects to managerial functions of planning, organizing, controlling and leading. This approach is advantageous over others since it is thought to be very close to reality. However, it may not be applicable to large and more complex organizations. It is regarded vague as it fails to provide any technique to managers. Contingency or Situational Approach This is the latest and it is an improvement of system approach. It is based on the fact that management problems are different at different situations and should be handled so as to cater for the needs at the situation. As opposed to scientific theory of management, contingency approach views problems as situational other than repetitive and thus one best way of management does not always apply. The behavior of one sub unit is in contingent with its environment (Alonso, et al, 2016). To change the behavior of a sub unit, then to one must change the situation influencing it. This approach emphasis on internal and external environments, which are the sub systems of an organization, which are analyzed and integrated to provide practical solutions to problems for given situations. The subsystems analysis helps in determination of organizational designs and managerial actions that are critical in making most appropriate decision for specific situations. In contrary with management theory about universality, contingency approach stipulates no one best way of doing things will apply in all situations. Managers should prepare strategies and policies according to situations the problems arise in. It emphasizes that for such managerial strategies to be effective, adjustment must be made in response to changes in the environment. Diagnostic skills need to be improved for an organization be ready and anticipate for environmental changes. Managers need to have human relations skills in order to accommodate change (Sharma, 2016). Contingency approach forms a basis of brighter ways for development of management theory in future. This approach makes a realistic view in management and disregards validity of universal management principles. It advises executives to be creative and innovative by being situation-oriented. However, this approach does not have theoretical base hence it is upon an executive to weigh between options before taking an action. Conclusion Management theories are vital in analyzing the managerial problems. Different theories have been formed to help in this analysis. Each of them has contributed to modern management. Scientific management theory forms the basis of management approaches. Human relations builds on the same but emphasizes more on human aspect. However, modern theories of managements are not in total agreement with scientific approach. They reject the idea by scientific theory of management that all aspects in management can be modelled mathematically and argues that there is no one best way that will work in all situations. 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Harrison, J, Freeman, R, S de Abreu, M 2015, 'Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts', Revista Brasileira De Gesto De Negcios, 17, pp. 858-859, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Loonam, J 2014, 'Towards a Grounded Theory Methodology: Reflections for Management Scholars', Irish Journal Of Management, 33, 1, pp. 49-72, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Robledo, MA 2016, '3D-Management: An Integral Business Theory', Integral Leadership Review, pp. 72-85, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Sharma, DN 2016, 'The Strategic Approach to Management of NPAs in Associate Banks with Special Reference to SBBJ', Journal Of Institute Of Public Enterprise, 39, 3/4, pp. 60-80, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017. Shaw, JD 2017, 'advantages of starting with theory', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 819-822. Available from: 10.5465/amj.2017.4003. [10 October 2017]. Suddaby, R 2015, 'editor's comments: why theory?', Academy Of Management Review, 4015, pp. 1-5, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 October 2017.